Traditional open surgery is indicated for the treatment of selected tumor subsites in the head and neck.

However, it can cause major cosmetic problems and functional pathologies. The endoscopically-assisted transoral approach is increasingly preferred in some surgical fields due to its superior cosmetic and functional outcomes.

Nonetheless, endoscopically-assisted transoral approach is not yet standard in the head and neck due to their anatomical complexity.

The transoral surgical approach has been used for head and neck masses since the 1960s, and its application continues to evolve with changing disease conditions and recent innovations in surgical instruments.

The potential for wide application of transoral surgery continues to be investigated, with a focus on minimizing occurrence of the complications.

This review presents details of the surgical procedure and postoperative clinical outcomes, as well as endoscopically-assisted scar-free techniques for the resection of midline neck masses.